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offenses. Major massacres occurred in Lviv, Sambir, and Stanyslaviv in
Galicia, where about 10,000 prisoners died, and in Rivne and Lutsk in Volhynia,
where another 5000 perished. Coming on the heels of the mass deportations and
growing Soviet terror, these executions added greatly to the West Ukrainians'
abhorrence of the Soviets. (Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History, 1994, p. 461)
When the German attack came on 22 June the Soviets had no time to take with
them the people they had locked up. So they simply killed them. Thousands of
detainees were shot dead in their cells by the retreating Soviets. (Simon
Wiesenthal, Justice Not Vengeance, 1989, p. 35)
Right after the entry we were shown 2,400 dead bodies of Ukrainians liquidated
with a shot at the scruff of the neck at the city jail of Lemberg [Lviv] by the
Soviets prior to their marching off. (Hans Frank, In the Face of the Gallows,
p. 406)
In Lvov, several thousand prisoners had been held in three jails. When the
Germans arrived on 29 June, the city stank, and the prisons were surrounded by
terrified relatives. Unimaginable atrocities had occurred inside. The prisons
looked like abattoirs. It had taken the NKVD a week to complete their gruesome
task before they fled. (Gwyneth Hughes and Simon Welfare, Red Empire: The
Forbidden History of the USSR, 1990, p. 133)
We learned that, before the Russian troops had left, a very great number of
Lemberg citizens, Ukrainians and Polish inhabitants of other towns and
villages had been killed in this prison and in other prisons. Furthermore,
there were many corpses of German men and officers, among them many Air Corps
officers, and many of them were found mutilated. There was a great bitterness
and excitement among the Lemberg population against the Jewish sector of the
population. (Erwin Schulz, from May until 26 September, 1941 Commander of
Einsatzkommando 5, a subunit of Einsatzgruppe C, in John Mendelsohn, editor,
The Holocaust: Selected Documents in Eighteen Volumes, Garland, New York,
1982, Volume 18, p. 18)
On the next day, Dr. RASCH informed us to the effect that the killed people in
Lemberg amounted to about 5,000. It has been determined without any doubt
that the arrests and killings had taken place under the leadership of Jewish
functionaries and with the participation of the Jewish inhabitants of
Lemberg. That was the reason why there was such an excitement against the
Jewish population on the part of the Lemberg citizens. (Erwin Schulz, from
May until 26 September, 1941 Commander of Einsatzkommando 5, a subunit of
Einsatzgruppe C, in John Mendelsohn, editor, The Holocaust: Selected Documents
in Eighteen Volumes, Garland, New York, 1982, Volume 18, p. 18)
Chief of Einsatzgruppe B reports that Ukrainian insurrection movements were
bloodily suppressed by the NKVD on June 25, 1941 in Lvov. About 3,000 were
shot by NKVD. Prison burning. Hardly 20% of Ukrainian intelligentsia has
remained. (Operational Situation Report USSR No. 10, July 2, 1941, in Yitzhak
Arad, Shmuel Krakowski, and Shmuel Spector, The Einsatzgruppen Reports:
Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi Death Squads' Campaign Against the
Jews July 1941-January 1943, Holocaust Library, New York, 1989, p. 2)
Location: Lvov
According to reliable information, the Russians, before withdrawing, shot
30,000 inhabitants. The corpses piled up and burned at the GPU prisons are
dreadfully mutilated. The population is greatly excited: 1,000 Jews have
already been forcefully gathered together. (Operational Situation Report USSR
No. 11, July 3, 1941, in Yitzhak Arad, Shmuel Krakowski, and Shmuel Spector,
The Einsatzgruppen Reports: Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi Death
Squads' Campaign Against the Jews July 1941-January 1943, Holocaust Library,
New York, 1989, p. 4)
Location: Zviahel (Novograd-Volynski)
...
Before leaving, the Bolsheviks, together with the Jews, murdered several
Ukrainians; as an excuse, they used the attempted Ukrainian uprising of June
25, 1941, which tried to free their prisoners.
According to reliable information, about 20,000 Ukrainians have disappeared
from Lvov, 80% of them belonging to the intelligentsia.
The prisons in Lvov were crammed with the bodies of murdered Ukrainians.
According to a moderate estimate, in Lvov alone 3-4,000 persons were either
killed or deported.
In Dobromil, 82 dead bodies were found, 4 of them Jews. The latter were
former Bolsheviki informers who had been killed because of their complicity in
this act. Near Dobromil an obsolete salt mine pit was discovered. It was
completely filled with dead bodies. In the immediate neighborhood, there is a
6X15m mass grave. The number of those murdered in the Dobromil area is
estimated to be approximately several hundred.
In Sambor on June 26, 1941, about 400 Ukrainians were shot by the
Bolsheviks. An additional 120 persons were murdered on June 27, 1941. The
remaining 80 prisoners succeeded in overpowering the Soviet guards, and fled.
...
As early as 1939, a larger number of Ukrainians was shot, and 1,500
Ukrainians as well as 500 Poles were deported to the east.
Russians and Jews committed these murders in very cruel ways. Bestial
mutilations were daily occurrences. Breasts of women and genitals of men were
cut off. Jews have also nailed children to the wall and then murdered them.
Killing was carried out by shots in the back of the neck. Hand grenades were
frequently used for these murders.
In Dobromil, women and men were killed with blows by a hammer used to stun
cattle before slaughter.
In many cases, the prisoners must have been tortured cruelly: bones were
broken, etc. In Sambor, the prisoners were gagged and thus prevented from
screaming during torture and murder. The Jews, some of whom also held official
positions, in addition to their economic supremacy, and who served in the
entire Bolshevik police, were always partners in these atrocities.
Finally, it was established that seven [German] pilots who had been
captured were murdered. Three of them were found in a Russian military
hospital where they had been murdered in bed by shots in the abdomen. ...
... Prior to their withdrawal, the Bolsheviks shot 2,800 out of 4,000
Ukrainians imprisoned in the Lutsk prison. According to the statement of 19
Ukrainians who survived the slaughter with more or less serious injuries, the
Jews again played a decisive part in the arrests and shooting. ...
The investigations at Zlochev proved that the Russians, prior to their
withdrawal, arrested and murdered indiscriminately a total of 700 Ukrainians,
but, nevertheless, included the entire [local] Ukrainian intelligentsia.
(Operational Situation Report USSR No. 24, July 16, 1941, in Yitzhak Arad,
Shmuel Krakowski, and Shmuel Spector, The Einsatzgruppen Reports: Selections
from the Dispatches of the Nazi Death Squads' Campaign Against the Jews July
1941-January 1943, Holocaust Library, New York, 1989, p. 29-33)
Location: Pleskau [Pskov] ...
The population is in general convinced that it is mostly the Jews who
should be held responsible for the atrocities that are committed everywhere.
...
As it was learned that the Russians before they left have either deported
the Ukrainian intelligentsia, or executed them, that is, murdered them, it is