Страница 118 из 122
473
Curtin, The Atlantic Slave Trade. P. 268. Более свежие и, на верное, более точные оценки трансатлантических перевозок рабов см. Eltis. «The Volume and Structure of the Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Reassessment». P. 17-46.
474
Davis. Inhuman Bondage. P. 80.
475
Ibid. P. 11-12,40-41.
476
Michael Tadman. «The Demodraphic Cost of Sugar: Debates on Slave Societies and Natural Increase in the Americas», American Historical Review, 105, no. 5 (December 2000). P. 1556.
477
Ibid. P. 1554-1555, 1561.
478
Ibid. P. 1536.
479
Цит. по: Greenberg. P. 45.
480
Ibid. P. 78-79.
481
Jehangir R. P. Mody. Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy (Bombay: R.M.D.C. Press. 1959). P. 2-Й, 21-28.
482
Hsin-pao Chan. Comissioner Lin and the Opium War (New York, Norton, 1964). P. 121-122.
483
Цитируется по J. R.Ward. «The Industrial Revolution and British Imperialism, 1750-1850», Economic History Review 47, no 1 (Febru ary 1994). P. 47.
484
Смит А. Исследование о природе и причинах богатства народов. — М.: Эксмо, 2007. Гл. VIII.
485
Там же, гл. IX.
486
Anthony Webster. «The Political Economy of Trade Liberalization: The East India Company Charter Act of 1813», The Economic History Review 43, no. 3 (August 1990). P. 404-419.
487
Jack Beeching. The Chinese Opium Wars (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975). P. 51.
488
W. Travis Hanes III. The Opium Wars (Naperville IL: Source books, 2002). P. 13-19.
489
Hsin-pao. P. 9-10.
490
Greenberg. P.86.
491
Ibid. P. 5.
492
Hsin-pao. P. 4.
493
Greenberg. P. 6, 8.
494
Carl Trocki. Opium, Empire and the Global Political Economy (London: Routledge, 1999). P. 6, 14-21.
495
Hsin-pao. P. 16-17.
496
Trocki. P. 34.
497
Paul Johnson. The Birth of the Modern (New York: Harper Collins, 1991). P. 761-774; Hsin-pao, 95-96.
498
Greenberg. P. 110.
499
Robert Blake. Sardine Matheson (London: Wieldfield & Nicholson, 1999). P. 44-45.
500
Сомерсет Моэм. «На китайской ширме». М., 2002.
501
R.K. Newman. «Opium Smoking in Late Imperial China: A Recon sideration», Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 4 (October 1995); 784.
502
Hsin-pao. P. 85-91.
503
Greenberg. P. 22-28.
504
Ibid. P. 96-97.
505
Greenberg. P. 36-41, 136-139.
506
Blake. P. 46.
507
Trocki. Р. 103.
508
Basil Lubbock. The Opium Clippers (Glasgow: Brown, Son, and Ferguson, 1933). P. 72-77.
509
Trocki. P. 106.
510
Неизвестный корреспондент XIX века, цит. «Behind the Mask», Economist, March 18, 2004.
511
Greenberg. P. 13.
512
Ibid. P. 112-113, 142.
513
Hsin-pao. P. 51-61.
514
Ibid. P. 62.
515
Ibid. P. 189-203. См. также Hanes. P. 66-83.
516
Edward Le Fevour. Western Enterprise in Late Ching China (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968). P. 13.
517
Trocki. P. 110-115.
518
Джавахарлал Неру. Открытие Индии. М., 1955 г.
519
Colin Simmons. «De-industrialization, Industrialization, and the Indian Economy, c. 185-1947», Modern Asia Studies 19, no. 3 (April 1985). P. 600.
520
B. R. Tomlinson. «The Economy of Modern India», The New Cambridge History of India, vol. 3, 3. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). P. 102.
521
Morris D. Morris. «Towards a Reinterpretation of Nineteenth Century Indian Economic History», Journal of Economic History 23, no. 4 (December 1963). P. 613.
522
См., напр., Morris; Tomlinson; and Tirthankar Roy. «Economic History and Modern India: Redefinding the Link», Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 3 (Summer 2002). P. 19-130.
523
Paul Bairoch. «European Trade Policy, 1815-1914», in Peter Mathias and Sidney Pollard, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). P. VIII: 109.
524
Jeffrey Williamson. «De-Industrialization and Underdevelopment: A Comparative Assessment around Periphery 1750-1939» (December 2004). P. 15.
525
Расчеты из: Donald Grove Barnes. A History of the English Corn Laws (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1961). P. 295-296.
526
Интерполировано из: Maddison. The World Economy, 95.
527
Ibid. P. 299-300; and S. Fairlie. «The Corn Laws Reconsidered», Economic History Review 18, no. 3 (1965). P. 563.
528
Barnes. P. 72-73.
529
Ibid. P. 5-89.
530
David Weatherall. David Ricardo, A Biography (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976). P. 1-3.
531
Ibid. P. 38-39; P. 69-71.
532
David Ricardo. Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (London: Dutton, 1911). P. 77-93, цит. 77.
533
Barnes. Р. 133-135, 177-179.