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Lô was derived from Common Eldarin base LOG ‘wet (and soft), soaked, swampy, etc.' The form *loga produced S. lô and T. loga; and also, from *logna, S. loen, T. logna ‘soaking wet, swamped'. But the stem in Quenya, owing to sound-changes which caused its derivatives to clash with other words, was little represented except in the intensive formation oloiya- ‘to inundate, flood'; oloire a great flood'.
Against the words "owing to sound-changes which caused its derivatives to clash with other words" Tolkien added this note:
Thus the Quenya form of S. lô would have been *loa, identical with Q. loa < *lawa ‘year'; the form of S. loen, T. logna would have been *lóna identical with lóna ‘pool, mere' (from base LON seen also in londe ‘haven, S. land, lo
Though this was the first of the Rivers of Gondor it ca
Against the words "the very common adjectival ending -ui of Sindarin" Tolkien added this note:
This was used as a general adjectival ending without specialized significance (as e.g. in lithui ‘of ash', or ‘ashen, ash-coloured, ashy, dusty'). It is of uncertain origin, but was probably derived from the Common Eldarin adjectival -ya, which when added to noun-stems ending in C.E. -o, -u would produce in Sindarin -ui. This being more distinctive was then transferred to other stems. The products of āya > oe, and of ăya, ĕya, ĭya > ei; ŏya, ŭya > æ, e were not preserved in Sindarin.{19} But -i, which could come from ēya, and from īya, remained also in (more limited) use; cf. Semi below. The transference is exemplified in the ordinals, which in Sindarin were formed with -ui from ‘fourth' onwards, though -ui was only historically correct in othui ‘seventh' and tolhui 'eighth'. ‘First' was in older and more literary Sindarin mein (Q. minya); later minui was substituted [deleted: in the colloquial language; ‘second' tadeg; ‘third' neleg]; but ‘fourth' cantui (canhui), ‘sixth' encui, enchui,{20} ‘ninth' nerthui [deleted: ‘tenth' caenui],{21} etc. On ‘fifth' see below under the name Lefnui.
Christopher Tolkien writes: "The statement about this name is given in the Index to Unfinished Tales, but with a misprint that has never been corrected: the Sindarin word meaning ‘pebble' is sarn, not sern." The opening sentence reads: "An adjectival formation from S. sarn ‘small stone, pebble (as described above), or a collective, the equivalent of Q. sarnie (sarniye) ‘shingle, pebble-bank." An unused sentence, occurring before "Its mouth was blocked with shingles" reads: "It was the only one of the five to fall into the delta of the Anduin."
This means simply ‘a flowing': cf. tirith ‘watching, guarding’ from the stem tir- ‘to watch'.
Christopher Tolkien writes: "The statement about this name is given in the Index to Unfinished Tales. On the erroneous marking of Celos on my redrawn map of The Lord of the Rings, see VII:322 n. 9."
Gilrain
A significant portion of the remarks on this river name was given in UT:242-45; but the discussion begins with a passage omitted from Unfinished Tales:
This resembles the name of Aragorn's mother. Gilraen; but unless it is misspelt must have had a different meaning. (Originally the difference between correct Sindarin ae and ai was neglected, ai more usual in English being used for both in the general narrative. So Dairon, now corrected, for Daeron a derivative of S. daer 'large, great': C.E. *daira < base DAY; not found in Quenya. So Hithaiglir on map for Hithaeglir and Aiglos [for Aeglos].){22} The element gil- in both is no doubt S. gil ‘spark, twinkle of light, star’, often used of the stars of heaven in place of the older and more elevated el-, elen- stem. (Similarly tinwe ‘spark’ was also used in Quenya). The meaning of Gilraen as a woman's name is not in doubt. It meant ‘one adorned with a tressure set with small gems in its network', such as the tressure of Arwen described in L.R. I 239.{23} It may have been a second name given to her after she had come to womanhood, which as often happened in legends had replaced her true name, no longer recorded. More likely, it was her true name, since it had become a name given to women of her people, the remnants of the Númenóreans of the North Kingdom of unmingled blood. The women of the Eldar were accustomed to wear such treasures; but among other peoples they were used only by women of high rank among the "Rangers", descendants of Elros, as they claimed. Names such as Gilraen, and others of similar meaning, would thus be likely to become first names given to maid-children of the kindred of the "Lords of the Dúnedain". The element raen was the Sindarin form of Q. raina ‘netted, enlaced'.
Against this last sentence Tolkien provided an etymological note:
C.E. base RAY ‘net, knit, contrive network or lace'; also [deleted: ‘catch',] ‘involve in a network, enlace'. Cf. Q. raima ‘a net';{24} rea and raita 1) ‘make network or lace'; raita 2) catch in a net';{25} [deleted: also raiwe ‘lace';] carrea (< cas-raya) a tressure'.{26} S. raef or raew (blend of Q. raima and raiwe) ‘net'; raeda- 'catch in net'; cathrae ‘tressure'. The word was only applied to work with a single thread; weaving with cross-threads or withes was represented by the distinct base WIG,{27} often in strengthened form waig-. The stems REB/REM were not "craft words" but verbal bases meaning ‘entangle, snare, trap (as hunters or fishers) with lines or nets". Cf. Q. rembe ‘net' (for catching), S. rem(m); Q. rembina 'entangled', S. remmen; Q. remi- ‘snare', remba- ‘net, entrap', remma ‘a snare', etc. Cf. S. Rem-mir-ath (‘group of gems in a net'), Pleiades.{28}
Of this note Christopher Tolkien writes: "Compare The Lord of the Rings, Appendix E (i), p. 393.{29}—Tressure, a net for confining the hair, is a word of medieval English which my father had used in his translation of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (stanza 69): ‘the clear jewels / that were twined in her tressure by twenties in clusters', where the original has the form tressour."
19
The figure in this sentence was altered on the typescript from "ăya > oe, ĭya > ei; ŭya > œ, e".
20
"enchui" is a replacement on the typescript for deleted "enegui".
21
A difficult note appears in the margin here, seemingly against and made at the same time as these deletions; it appears to read: "purely ui" and "revise". In co
22
The map of Middle-earth actually read Hithaiglin, prior to Christopher Tolkien's correction of the name to Hithaeglir when he redrew the map for Unfinished Tales. On the variation Aiglos vs. Aeglos (of the name of the spear of Gil-galad, LR:237), Christopher Tolkien notes that he substituted the latter for the former in Of the Rings of Power (S:294).
23
I.e., LR:221.
24
This was changed to "raime ‘network, lace'," then marked stet.
25
That is, in Quenya there are two homophonous and etymologically related
verbs raita: raita1 ‘to make a network or lace', synonymous with rea; and raita2 ‘to catch in a net'.
26
Cf. KAS-'head',V:362.
27
Altered from WAY. Cf. the base WEY- ‘wind, weave (V:398).
28
An initial, handwritten version of these last three typescript sentences reads: "Similar was √REB applied to actual nets (as for fishing or snaring). Q. rembe 'a hunter's or fisher's net', S. rem. Cp. remmirath ‘group of jewels caught in a net' = Pleiades."
29
I.e., LR:1089 n. 1.