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Appendix D: Shire Calendar for Use in All Years
(1)Afteryule (4)Astron (7)Afterlithe (10)WinterfilthYule 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29Lithe 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 39 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 - 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 - 3 10 17 24 - 4 11 18 25 - 3 10 17 24 - 4 11 18 25 - 4 11 18 25 - 5 12 19 26 - 4 11 18 25 - 5 12 19 26 - 5 12 19 26 - 6 13 20 27 - 5 12 19 26 - 6 13 20 27 - 6 13 20 27 - 7 14 21 28 - 6 13 20 27 - 7 14 21 28 - (2)Solmath (5)Thrimidge (8)Wedmath (11)Blotmath - 5 12 19 26 - 6 13 20 27 - 5 12 19 26 - 6 13 20 27 - 6 13 20 27 - 7 14 21 28 - 6 13 20 27 - 7 14 21 28 - 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 - 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 - 3 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 - 3 10 17 24 - 4 11 18 25 - 3 10 17 24 - 4 11 18 25 " 4 11 18 25 " 5 12 19 26 - 4 11 18 25 - 5 12 19 26 " (3)Rethe (6)Forelithe (9)Halimath (12)Foreyule - 3 10 17 24 - 4 11 18 2? - 3 10 17 24 - 4 11 18 25 - 4 11 18 25 - 5 12 19 26 - 4 11 18 25 - 5 12 19 26 - 5 12 19 26 - 6 13 20 27 - 5 12 19 26 - 6 13 20 27 - 6 13 20 27 - 7 14 21 28 - 6 13 20 27 - 7 14 21 28 - 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 23 29 - 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24Lithe 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24Yule
Midyear's Day (Overlithe)
Every year began on the first day of the week, Saturday, and ended on the last day of the week. Friday. The Mid-year's Day, and in Leap-years the Overlithe, had no week-day name. The Lithe before Mid-year's Day was called 1 Lithe, and the one after was called 2 Lithe. The Yule at the end of the year was 1 Yule. and that at the begi
The Calendars
The Calendar in the Shire differed in several features from ours. The year no doubt was of the same length, for long ago as those times are now reckoned in years and lives of men, they were not very remote according to the memory of the Earth. It is recorded by the Hobbits that they had no 'week' when they were still a wandering people, and though they had 'months', governed more or less by the Moon, their keeping of dates and calculations of time were vague and inaccurate. In the west-lands of Eriador, when they had begun to settle down, they adopted the King's Reckoning of the Dunedain. which was ultimately of Eldarin origin; but the Hobbits of the Shire introduced several minor alterations. This calendar. or 'Shire Reckoning' as it was called, was eventually adopted also in Bree, except for the Shire usage of counting as Year 1 the year of the colonization of the Shire. It is often difficult to discover from old tales and traditions precise information about things which people knew well and took for granted in their own day (such as the names of letters, or of the days of the week, or the names and lengths of months). But owing to their general interest in genealogy, and to the interest in ancient history which the learned amongst them developed after the War of the Ring. the Shire-hobbits seem to have concerned themselves a good deal with dates; and they even drew up complicated tables showing the relations of their own system with others. I am not skilled in these matters. and may have made many errors; but at any rate the chronology of the crucial years S.R. 1418, 1419 is so carefully set out in the Red Book that there ca
It seems clear that the Eldar in Middle-earth, who had, as Samwise remarked, more time at their disposal. reckoned in long periods. and the Quenya wordyen , often translated 'year' (1, 491), really means 144 of our years. The Eldar preferred to reckon in sixes and twelves as far as possible. A 'day' of the sun they calledre and reckoned from sunset to sunset Theyen contained 52.596 days. For ritual rather than practical purposes the Eldar observed a week orenquie of six days; and theyen contained 8,766 of theseenquier , reckoned continuously throughout the period. In Middle-earth the Eldar also observed a short period or solar year. called acoranar or 'sun-round' when considered more or less astronomically, but usually calledloa 'growth' (especially in the north-western lands) when the seasonal changes in vegetation were primarily considered, as was usual with the Elves generally. Theloa was broken up into periods that might be regarded either as long months or short seasons. These no doubt varied in different regions; but the Hobbits only provide information concerning the Calendar of Imladris. In that calendar there were six of these 'seasons", of which the Quenya names weretuile, laire, yavie, quelle, hrive, coire , which may be translated 'spring. summer, autumn, fading, winter. stir-ring'. The Sindarin names wereethuil, laer ,iavas, firith, rhiw, echui r. 'Fading' was also calledlasse-lanta 'leaf-fall', or in Sindari
The Numenoreans altered these arrangements. They divided theloa into shorter periods of more regular length; and they adhered to the custom of begi