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5. Viz. for the year of ten months one twelfth part of the capital (uncia), which amounts to 8 1/3 per cent for the year of ten, and 10 per cent for the fear of twelve, months.
6. I. VII. Relation of Rome to Latium
7. I. VI. Dependents and Guests.
8. I. VII. Relation of Rome to Latium
9. I. VI. Class of Metoeci Subsisting by the Side of the Community
1. I. II. Religion
2. This was, to all appearance, the original nature of the "morning-mother" or Mater matuta; in co
3. From Maurs, which is the oldest form handed down by tradition, there have been developed by different treatment of the -u Mars, Mavors, Mors; the transition to -o (similar to Paula, Pola, and the like) appears also in the double form Mar-Mor (comp. Ma-murius) alongside of Mar-Mor and Ma-Mers.
4. The facts, that gates and doors and the morning (ianus matutinus) were sacred to Ianus, and that he was always invoked before any other god and was even represented in the series of coins before Jupiter and the other gods, indicate unmistakeably that he was the abstraction of opening and begi
5. I. IV. Tities and Luceres
6. I. VI. Amalgamation of the Palatine and Quirinal Cities
7. I. VII. Servian Wall
8. I. III. Latium
9. I. VII. Relation of Rome to Latium
10. I. V. Burdens of the Burgesses, I. XI. Crimes
11. The clearest evidence of this is the fact, that in the communities organized on the Latin scheme augurs and Pontifices occur everywhere (e. g. Cic. de Lege Agr. ii. 35, 96, and numerous inscriptions), as does likewise the pater patratus of the Fetiales in Laurentum (Orelli, 2276), but the other colleges do not. The former, therefore, stand on the same footing with the constitution of ten curies and the Flamines, Salii, and Luperci, as very ancient heirlooms of the Latin stock; whereas the Duoviri sacris faciundis, and the other colleges, like the thirty curies and the Servian tribes and centuries, originated in, and remained therefore confined to, Rome. But in the case of the second college - the pontifices - the influence of Rome probably led to the introduction of that name into the general Latin scheme instead of some earlier - perhaps more than one - designation; or - a hypothesis which philologically has much in its favour - pons originally signified not "bridge," but "way" generally, and pontifex therefore meant "constructor of ways."
The statements regarding the original number of the augurs in particular vary. The view that it was necessary for the number to be an odd one is refuted by Cicero (de Lege Agr. ii. 35, 96); and Livy (x. 6) does not say so, but only states that the number of Roman augurs had to be divisible by three, and so must have had an odd number as its basis. According to Livy (l. c.) the number was six down to the Ogulnian law, and the same is virtually affirmed by Cicero (de Rep. ii. 9, 14) when he represents Romulus as instituting four, and Numa two, augural stalls. On the number of the pontifices comp. Staatsrecht, ii. 20.
12. It is only an unreflecting misconception that can discover in this usage a reminiscence of ancient human sacrifices.
13. I. XII. Nature of the Roman Gods
14. I. XII. Priests
15.Sors from serere, to place in row. The sortes were probably small wooden tablets arranged upon a string, which when thrown formed figures of various kinds; an arrangement which puts one in mind of the Runic characters.
16. I. X. Hellenes and Latins
17. I. VII. Servian Wall
18. I. II. Indo-Germanic Culture
19. I. IV. Tities and Luceres
1. I. II. Agriculture
2. I. III. Clan Villages, I. V. The Community
3. The system which we meet with in the case of the Germanic joint tillage, combining a partition of the land in property among the clansmen with its joint cultivation by the clan, can hardly ever have existed in Italy. Had each clansman been regarded in Italy, as among the Germans, in the light of proprietor of a particular spot in each portion of the collective domain that was marked off for tillage, the separate husbandry of later times would probably have set out from a minute subdivision of hides. But the very opposite was the case; the individual names of the Roman hides (fundus Cornelianus) show clearly that the Roman proprietor owned from the begi
4. Cicero (de Rep. ii. 9, 14, comp. Plutarch, Q. Rom. 15) states: Tum (in the time of Romulus) erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, ex quo pecuniosi et locupletes vocabantur - (Numa) primum agros, quos bello Romulus ceperat, divisit viritim civibus. In like ma
5. I. XI. Contracts
6. Since this assertion still continues to be disputed, we shall let the numbers speak for themselves. The Roman writers on agriculture of the later republic and the imperial period reckon on an average five modii of wheat as sufficient to sow a jugerum, and the produce as fivefold. The produce of a heredium accordingly (even when, without taking into view the space occupied by the dwelling-house and farm-yard, we regard it as entirely arable land, and make no account of years of fallow) amounts to fifty, or deducting the seed forty, modii. For an adult hard-working slave Cato (c. 56) reckons fifty-one modii of wheat as the a