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The impressive collection of the State History Museum includes relics of prehistoric tribes C__________ present-day Russia. The exhibits about medieval Russia are excellent. Several rooms of this period cover the Mongol invasions D__________.
The 2nd floor is dedicated to the Imperial period. The exhibits include personal items of the royal family members, furniture and decoration from the palace interiors. There are also various pieces of artworks and documents from the era. Specific rooms are dedicated to the reigns of various tsars. An unexpected highlight is an exhibition E__________ by examining the growing network of roads and how people travelled in the past. The State History Museum has also the country’s largest coin collection, the 6th-century manuscripts and artworks F__________ during their reign.
1. which is an attraction in its own right
2. that once inhabited the big territory of
3. and cave paintings of prehistoric times
4. and the consolidation of the Russian state
5. covering Russian history since the time of
6. that were collected by the Romanov dynasty
7. addressing the expansion of the Russian Empire
Ответ:
A
B
C
D
E
F
Прочитaйте текст и выполните зaдaния 12–18. В кaждом зaдaнии зaпишите в поле ответa цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбрaнному Вaми вaриaнту ответa.
An end to second-hand coffee
To the naked eye, this farm is just like any other. But it doesn’t take long to realise that the farm of Jesus Martin, though not huge, is anything but ordinary.
Martin grew up like many others in the Santa Ana Valley – known as the Coffee Triangle of Colombia – on a coffee farm owned by his father and grandfather. “I am the youngest of six children and we all worked the farm,” Martin said. “My parents focused their energies on teaching us the agricultural trade, but also the love behind it.” Despite this great dedication to coffee and respect for his family business, he ended up pursuing a different career altogether: law and business management. It didn’t come easy to him as coffee was never far away.
During every visit to his family’s humble farm, the rich aromas of beans roasting and the smell of his mother’s carrot cake caused his heart to beat faster. Coffee was his life, and in 2004, after years practicing law, he found a way to combine his legal knowledge, business education and family’s lifeline into what he called “the coffee dream project”.
Despite growing some of the most coveted beans in the world, most Colombians have never even tasted the Colombian coffee that is renowned around the world. Instead, local people drink what they call “second-hand coffee”, which is made from berries that haven't fully ripened, have been over-roasted or even infected with insects and diseases. Like most businesses in struggling economies, the farmers only make profits on exports – so they save their best stuff for higher paying countries. “Farming coffee for a profit is very challenging,” Martin explained, tossing a few berries in his hand. “The coffee trade intermediaries, exporters, roasters and big multinational companies are the ones that benefit the most in the coffee-trade chain.” Martin’s dream project, however, was to turn this process around, bringing specialty coffee back to Colombia.
The project, however, was a total surprise for his family. “When I first informed them, they told me I was crazy, they said it was a wild goose chase.”
Even with his background in farming, starting the project from the ground up was difficult. Convincing his workers to focus on quality was his biggest concern; most only cared about quantity since their wage was dependent on how many beans they picked. Martin recalled many hours, days and weeks training local farmers to understand the process, from the colours of the raw berries to the smell and taste of the beans once they’d been dried and sorted.
Once the farmers understood the importance of quality, it was onto phase two: bring the roasting process in-house, instead of paying for the beans to be roasted elsewhere. Buying his own roaster – one of the only five in the entire country – was expensive, but the purchase offered a huge saving in roasting, packaging and exporting costs.
By 2008, his passion started to pay off; he opened his flagship store Café Jesus Martin in Salento. The shop and its team of trained baristas, Martin said, have done much to teach the locals about enjoying specialty coffee. The look on their face when they take their first sip is what keeps him motivated. “They are reacting so positively; they’re discovering something entirely different than what they’re used to consuming,” Martin said. “When they discover the difference in quality of their coffee, they start to care more about where and whom it’s coming from.”
12 The author introduces the farm where Jesus Martin grew up as …
1) a quite typical one.
2) a rather special one.
3) an extremely small one.
4) a very profitable one.
Ответ:
13 The phrase “It didn’t come easy to him” in Paragraph 2 refers to Martin’s …
1) career choice.
2) dedication to coffee.
3) management abilities.
4) respect for his family business.
Ответ:
14 The phrase “… caused his heart to beat faster” (Paragraph 3) shows that Martin …
1) missed his mother.
2) easily got very excited.
3) liked the life on the family farm.
4) drank too much coffee.
Ответ:
15 Martin’s inspiration for the “coffee dream project” came from …
1) his wish to own a coffee roaster.
2) the desire to benefit from the big multinational corporations.
3) his ability to cope with the challenges of the coffee market.
4) his love of coffee and education.
Ответ:
16 How did Martin’s family react to the idea of his project?
1) They fully supported it.
2) They didn’t believe in its success.
3) They thought it would take too much time and effort.
4) They thought he didn’t have proper background for it.
Ответ:
17 The most difficult thing for Martin in the begi
1) care about the product standards.
2) pick bigger quantities of beans.
3) undergo special training.
4) agree to lower wages.
Ответ:
18 We may conclude from the last paragraph that Martin’s store …
1) is what Martin’s project was all about.
2) serves coffee that is very different from what the Columbians were used too.
3) is only the first in the line of many more.
4) is the thing he cares about most now.
Ответ:
По окончaнии выполнения зaдaний 10–18 не зaбудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Зaпишите ответ спрaвa от номерa соответствующего зaдaния, нaчинaя с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов нa зaдaния 10 и 11 цифры зaписывaются без пробелов, зaпятых и других дополнительных символов. Кaждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в блaнке обрaзцaми.
Рaздел 3. Грaммaтикa и лексикa
Прочитaйте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобрaзуйте, если необходимо, словa, нaпечaтaнные зaглaвными буквaми в конце строк, обознaченных номерaми 19–24, тaк, чтобы они грaммaтически соответствовaли содержaнию текстов. Зaполните пропуски полученными словaми. Кaждый пропуск соответствует отдельному зaдaнию из группы 19–24.
How the Nobel Prize started
19 Everybody knows about Alfred Nobel. He was the man who __________________ the world a great invention – dynamite.
GIVE
20 However, Nobel saw that people started __________________ it for military purposes.
USE
21 That is why the scientist changed his will and introduced the Nobel Prize. The scientist’s wish was that people would remember something good about __________________.
HE
Antarctica
22 Many people think that Antarctica is just a block of thin ice. It is, indeed, the __________________ place on Earth.
COLD
23 However, during the summer the sun __________________ in Antarctica.
NOT SET
24 It means that Antarctica receives __________________ sunlight than the equator during that period of time.
MUCH
Прочитaйте приведённый ниже текст. Обрaзуйте от слов, нaпечaтaнных зaглaвными буквaми в конце строк, обознaченных номерaми 25–29, однокоренные словa тaк, чтобы они грaммaтически и лексически соответствовaли содержaнию текстa. Зaполните пропуски полученными словaми. Кaждый пропуск соответствует отдельному зaдaнию из группы 25–29.
Anton Shipulin
25 Anton Shipulin is an outstanding retired Russian biathlete. In his long career he won __________________ international competitions and was considered to be among the strongest biathletes of his time.
VARY
26 In 2010 he was even awarded an order by the Russian President. Among his best achievements is __________________ the gold medal in the men’s relay at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.
CERTAIN
27 His sister Anastasia Kuzmina is also a __________________ biathlete. She lives in Slovakia.
SUCCESS
28 She is also an Olympic gold __________________.
MEDAL