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The period of the English bourgeois revolution of the 17th century played a decisive role in the colonial enslavement of the island. The colonization policy of England caused a powerful uprising of the Irish masses, which broke out in 1641. In August 1649, the leader of the English bourgeoisie and the "new nobility" O. Cromwell landed in Ireland with an army, who caused a massacre of the Irish garrisons and the population in Drogheda and Wexford. The uprising was finally suppressed in 1652. The Irish people were subjected to severe repression. The "Acts on the Establishment of Ireland" of August 12, 1652 and September 26, 1653 authorized the mass seizure of land by English officers, creditors of parliament, speculators, the conquest of Ireland, the transformation of the island into a citadel of landlords Cromwell prepared the ground for the restoration of the Stuarts (in 1660). Issued in 1662 by the government of Charles II, the new "Act on the Establishment of Ireland" secured the colonizers the lands they had seized. In 1688-1691, a new uprising took place in Ireland, brutally suppressed by the colonizers.
Since the suppression of the uprising of 1688-1691, a period of undivided colonial rule of the British in the country began. The so-called punitive laws issued from the end of the 17th to the middle of the 18th centuries deprived the Irish, under the pretext of their belonging to Catholicism, of all political and civil rights. The growth of capitalist relations led to the process of the formation of the Irish nation. While in the rest of Western Europe, the process of nation-building was associated with the formation of nation-states, the emerging Irish nation, in its desire to form a nation-state, met with the strongest opposition from the English exploitative elite. On this basis, the Irish national liberation movement arose and developed. In the 60s of the 18th century, peasant insurgent organizations arose – "White Guys", "Hearts of Steel", etc. In 1761, the "White Guys" revolted in a number of southwestern counties. In 1762-1764, major peasant unrest took place in Munster and Ulster. The rise of the national liberation struggle was promoted by the War of Independence in North America (1775-1783) and, to an even greater extent, the French bourgeois revolution of the late 18th century. In 1791, the United Irishmen society was founded in Belfast by radicals, led by the Irish bourgeois revolutionary Wolf Tone, Arthur O'Co
In the 19th century, in co
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