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2. Difficulties of the law of universal gravitation
So, the law of gravitation says that substance is attracted to substance (mass to mass). The main difficulty of this theory is that the entire million-year experience of Homo sapiens on Earth suggests that substance is not attracted to substance. Humanity has not noticed, for example, that two boulders are crawling towards each other, just as the sand on the beach for some reason does not grasp gravity into a monolith, but remains loose. The rings of Saturn have not fallen into one big piece for millions of years, and each piece of ice continues to revolve around Saturn independently and separately from the others.
In 1847, E. Rocha posed and allegedly solved the problem of rings
Saturn, because they are below the so-called E. Roche limit, when the ice floes are torn apart by tidal forces, so they ca
"Limit Rocha – the distance from the planet (star) to its satellite, closer than which, the satellite is destroyed by tidal forces. When a satellite moves in an orbit around a planet (star), the force of its attraction acting on the satellite element is compensated by the centrifugal force only at its center of mass. At all other points of the satellite, there is no such equality, which determines the tidal force" (end of quote from Wikipedia)
The E. Roche limit is thus a pure and untested postulate. Where did E. Rocha get the idea that the centrifugal force is applied to the center of mass? (The resultant of all forces is applied to the center of mass in order to simplify the solution of problems and clarity, and secondly, any inertia forces are not applied, but are created, and are created by the mass). Any force of inertia, a kind of which is the centrifugal force, is created by each elementary particle of matter, because they have mass. And there are no tidal forces. The center of mass, on the other hand, may not have any mass at all, since it may come to an interatomic void. In the same way, gravity acts on every elementary particle of matter, with the exception of the electron (but more on this later), so no tidal forces and the internal stresses caused by them do not arise. This is confirmed by practice – the water spilled on the International Space Station is formed into a ball by the forces of surface tension, and if there were tidal forces, the water would take the form of an ellipsoid. Therefore, the so-called "tidal forces" do not remove difficulties from the Law of Universal gravitation, because they do not exist in nature.
To be precise, it is due to the fact that electrons are not attracted to the source of gravity, but they also form a centrifugal force, and some tidal forces and internal stresses arise in the body, but the mass of the electron is so minuscule that these forces and stresses can be ignored. In addition, electrons are naturally not concentrated in the center of mass, but are evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the body.
The next difficulty of the law of universal gravity is the strange behavior of the atmosphere. It is known that the density of air decreases with altitude, so that water or any liquid boils at a lower temperature with increasing altitude above sea level than at sea level. Orthodox explains this fact by the fact that with increasing altitude, the attraction to the Earth decreases from this and the pressure of the atmosphere decreases. However, there are different ways to reach heights of 4000 meters, for example. You can climb to an altitude of 4000 meters in a hot air balloon, or you can climb to an altitude of 4000 meters on some mountain of the Pamir’s or the Caucasus. The result will be the same-the water in the balloon basket and on the mountain platform will boil at the same reduced temperature. But according To the law of gravity, this should not be the case. If in the first case, in a balloon, we really moved away from the source of gravity by 4000 meters, then in the second case, when climbing a mountain, we did not move away from the source of gravity one iota. On the contrary, we found ourselves in a place of increased gravity, because to the mass of the Earth we must add the mass of the mountain. In other words, according to the law of universal gravitation, the density of the atmosphere should statistically repeat the terrain on average, naturally increasing over the mountains and decreasing over the valleys, but this is not the case. Atmospheric pressure does not depend on the method of ascent to a height, which causes difficulties In the law of universal gravitation.
For the first time, the attraction substance of substance to was "proved" by Cavendish's experience with torsion scales. By the way, if there were tidal forces according to E. Roche, then Cavendish would not be able to prove anything, since Cavendish set his torsional scales clearly below the limit of E. Roche, and tidal forces are obliged to break any very insignificant interaction. It should be said that the torsion scale device is very accurate, very sensitive and even too accurate. We need to measure a very small quantity, but at the same time there are many invisibly present in the experiment, which are comparable in their magnitude to the measured quantity. Here you have the centrifugal force from the rotation of the Earth around its axis, and the centrifugal force from the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, and the Carioles force. Let us also briefly note that the Hungarian researcher Baron Etvesh used the same torsional scales to determine not the force of attraction between substance, but the difference in the force of attraction of material bodies and their centrifugal force of inertia resulting from the rotation of the Earth around its axis. In addition, we can't be sure that we know all the factors involved. In addition, we need to be sure that we do not even have a hint of air movement, or uneven heating of the interacting masses. You also need to be sure that there is no induced charge on the interacting masses. In addition, Cavendish and his repeaters in modern times worked only with metals. No one has tried to work with granite, or with wood, which is a lack of experience (or maybe they did, but it didn't work out, so we don't know anything about it). In our opinion, Cavendish's experiments in the atmosphere are not correct at all, since it is known that air molecules are in constant Brownian motion and, when the interacting masses are very close to each other, they shield each other from the repulsive impacts of the molecules, but do not shield them from the approach. There is an effect similar to the invention of Lesage, when he said that the bodies shield the ether. But we do not have a hypothetical ether, which does not exist in nature, but quite real air molecules, which push bodies towards each other during Brownian motion. Therefore, the experiments of Cavendish, and then of Baron Etvesh, prove nothing. They should be carried out in deep space, away from gravitational bodies and so that there is no atmosphere.
When systematic scientific studies of the habitat began, the difficulties of the law of universal gravitation continued to grow and have now reached critical importance. Specially conducted experiments have shown that Everest does not deflect the plumb line, which contradicts the law of universal gravitation.
In the XXI century, attempts to lower a tripod for a lighthouse, or a small probe for taking soil from an asteroid, have become more frequent. I must say that all attempts to "land" or "land" something on an asteroid end unsuccessfully. It would seem that what is easier, but no-tripods and devices aimed at the asteroid, knock on it, fly off and fly again into space. It is very characteristic that not a single object began to revolve around the asteroid. All this indicates the failure of both the law of universal gravitation and the General theory of relativity.