Страница 2 из 15
The author is certainly an exceptionally interesting person. I would even call him unique. A Moscovite who grew up in the Arbat, a friend of many famous Russian academic figures, men of art and culture, a member of the Presidium of the International Union of Russian Compatriots, Leonid has literally absorbed the best old Moscow cultural traditions. Having settled in Germany, Professor, Doctor of Engineering, author of a number of world-class inventions Leonid Niessma
His book «The Russian Language. Difficulties, Mysteries, Subtleties and Something Else.» published in 2018, was widely discussed both in Russia and abroad. Easily and even playfully he plunged into the deeps of the Russian language, the etymology of sayings, set phrases, the history of words. And all his findings are presented by him in a lively and fascinating ma
The vital bread our spirit craves
Comes from two loves divinely cherished:
One for our home to ashes perished,
One for our fathers’ sacred graves.
From the begi
By God’s own will they stand to be
Of man’s self-rule the foundation,
Of his grandeur the guarantee…
What ingenious words! That means, a person becomes a person when he knows his past and his history.
Leonid Niessma
And thus the whole picture of the characters’ lives becomes bright, protean and comprehensive. And, no doubt, the heroes themselves make up the Golden Pantheon of Russia.
The great poet, who several times saved Pushkin from penal servitude among other things, was Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky. Along with Karamzin, he was the father of Russian sentimentalism, being the son of a landowner from the Central Russia and an imprisoned Turkish woman captured during the Russian-Turkish war.
One of the founders of the Association of Itinerants, a brilliant painter Vasily Perov, the author of the great paintings «The Last Tavern at The Outpost», «Troika» and many others, was born thanks to the inflamed feeling of a provincial Prosecutor, a German Baron by blood, to a native of the city of Tobolsk. Despite the fact that soon after the boy’s birth his parents got married, the future artist had no right to have his father's name and was listed by the name of the godfather – Vasiliev. He became Perov after a humorous nickname was given to him by the verger, who taught the boy to read and write.
At the age of 14 Afanasy Fet, the author of most heart-stirring lyrical lines not only in Russian, but also in world poetry, was deprived of the title of hereditary nobility on account of failure to prove his gentrice, and this fact remained an open sore for his whole life.
A brilliant composer and chemist, the founder of epic symphonic style was born to an old Georgian Prince by a 25-year-old woman. Little Alexander, the future author of the opera «Prince Igor», was registered as the son of the house serf Porfiry Borodin and up to the age of 8 was listed as a bondslave of his own father.
An actor, stage director, one of the founders of the Russian theater school Alexander Pavlovich Lensky is the illegitimate son of burdened with a multi-child family Prince Gagarin and an Italian opera singer.
The whole galaxy of poets, writers and artists were saved from death by People's Commissar for Education of the first Russian government Anatoly Lunacharsky who, by the way, was the illegitimate son of the daughter of Director of Chernigov province schools and the actual State Counsellor.
Finally, the «Swan Princess» of Russian and world ballet A
Some of them assign her fabulous appearance and craving for Oriental dance to the paternity of the laundry owner, a handsome Karaite.
Nevertheless, the majority of facts from A
All these stories are spotlighted by Leonid Niessma
Along with the description of the life and work of the main characters, much attention is paid to the description of their entourage.
There are also little-known details of their private life as well as rare illustrations.
Such a fascinating narration ca
Victor Leonidov, Candidate of historical Sciences, chief academic specialist of Russian Emigres House named after Alexander Solzhenitsyn, author and performer of songs in television series «Nikita Mikhalkov. Russian choice». Перевод Ирины Пластуновой
Бастарды. Кто это?
Кто такие бастарды? Откуда появилось это слово? Что оно означает? Хорошие вопросы, не так ли? Но, начав писать о бастардах, надо на них ответить.
В русский язык слово «бастард» пришло из средневерхненемецкого языка, а туда оно пришло из старофранцузского. Там оно означало «гибрид, помесь, потомство от скрещивания организмов, значительно отдалённых друг от друга в отношении родства». Дальнейшими сведениями о происхождении слова «бастард» наука не располагает.
Наиболее распространёнными значениями слова «бастард» в русском языке являются – «незаконнорождённый, внебрачный, побочный», то есть бастард – это человек, родившийся от отца и матери, не состоявших в законном браке. Возможно, при этом (правда, не обязательно), что один из супругов изменил другому.
Раньше это считалось ужасным позором на всю жизнь несчастного ребёнка. Считалось, что у бастардов нет и не может быть чести, поэтому им запрещалось наследовать титулы и членство в сословиях.
В русском языке существовала специальная система фамилиеположения для бастардов. От фамилии благородного родителя «отчекрыживался» один слог. Например, бастарды Трубецких звались Бецкими, бастарды Екатерины II и Потёмкина – Тёмкиными.
Везучему бастарду хоть как-то помогал тот родитель, который выше по классу (обычно, отец), а невезучему приходилось заботиться о себе самому. Впрочем, бывали случаи, когда бастарда признавал его родитель, и тогда он обретал все должные права наследования.
Например, Пьер Безухов из «Войны и мира» Льва Толстого, внебрачный сын екатерининского вельможи графа Кирилла Владимировича Безухова (его прототип – канцлер Российской империи граф Александр Безбородко).
Наряду с упомянутым выше Пьером Безуховым, в классической русской литературе XIX века встречается ещё довольно много бастардов. Например: